A bulk carrier experienced an explosion in one of its cargo holds shortly after departure from the US Gulf. The incident was reported by the Swedish Club and linked to the fumigation process conducted after loading bulk grain.
What Happened
After the vessel completed loading grain, fumigation was carried out using aluminium phosphide pellets. The fumigation documents stated that the pellets were applied subsurface and distributed evenly across the cargo holds. However, after sailing, an explosion occurred in one of the holds, causing partial displacement of the hatch cover. As a precaution, the crew ventilated the remaining holds. The damaged hatch cover later allowed water ingress in poor weather, leading to additional cargo damage.
Why It Happened
Investigations showed that the fumigant was not applied as described in the fumigation documents. Instead, aluminium phosphide pellets were poured onto the cargo surface from the hatch covers in two longitudinal lines. Residue indicated that the pellets had been left in piles, contrary to fumigation manual instructions which explicitly warn against such practices. The incorrect application of fumigant led to the explosion and subsequent damage.
Actions Taken
The crew took immediate action by ventilating unaffected holds to reduce further risk.
Lessons Learned
- Verify that fumigation application methods match the details recorded in fumigation documents or certificates.
- Confirm fumigant type, formulation (pellets, tablets, etc.), and brand prior to application.
- Monitor the quantity and distribution of fumigant in each hold to avoid unsafe concentrations.
- Ensure fumigation procedures are carried out as per manuals, avoiding surface piles of fumigant.
- Masters should supervise fumigation closely, ensure compliance with proper practices, and keep accurate records.
- Crew should be trained on fumigation safety and familiar with the type of PPE and gas filters provided.
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Source: Swedish Club
