DNV Whitepaper Highlights Growing Role Of Wind-Assisted Propulsion Systems (WAPS)

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A new whitepaper from DNV explores the design, operational factors, and technical feasibility of Wind-Assisted Propulsion Systems (WAPS), providing insights into fuel savings and compliance with EU and IMO regulations.

Key Findings and Industry Perspectives

  • Fuel Savings & Emissions Reduction
    • WAPS can significantly cut fuel costs and CO₂ emissions when matched to the right vessel type and operational profile.
    • Case studies in EU waters demonstrate that WAPS can support compliance with the EU ETS and FuelEU Maritime.
  • WAPS Adoption & Retrofitting
    • 75% of WAPS installations are retrofits, mainly on tankers and general cargo vessels.
    • Rotor sails are most common in the bulk and tanker sectors (54% share).
    • Suction sails dominate the general cargo ship segment (67% share).
    • WAPS retrofits are feasible for most ships with sufficient deck space and unobstructed airflow, while integrated WAPS designs offer even greater optimization potential.
  • Regulatory & Economic Drivers
    • WAPS adoption is driven by compliance with key maritime regulations, including:
      • Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI)
      • Efficiency Existing Ship Index (EEXI)
      • Carbon Intensity Indicator (CII)
      • Upcoming IMO CO₂ emission rules
    • Ships using WAPS can benefit from a correction factor that improves efficiency ratings and reduces fuel consumption.

DNV’s Role in Standardizing WAPS Implementation

  • DNV has pioneered classification rules for WAPS, launching the first class notation for WAPS-equipped ships in 2019.
  • The ST-0511 “Wind-Assisted Propulsion Systems” certification ensures safe and effective integration.
  • The “WAPS Ready” notation offers a modular approach to ensure compliance for future installations.
  • In 2025, DNV will update its recommended practice (RP) to introduce an on/off methodology for performance measurement.

Future Outlook

Hasso Hoffmeister, Senior Principal Engineer at DNV, predicts a growing role for WAPS, stating that “the first fully wind-powered modern large cargo vessel, Orcelle, could be contracted in the coming years.”

With the increasing pressure to decarbonize shipping, wind-assisted propulsion is emerging as a viable solution to reduce emissions, lower fuel costs, and enhance compliance with global regulations.

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Source: DNV