Human Rights Watch (HRW) has condemned a series of recent attacks by Yemen’s Houthi armed group on commercial cargo vessels in the Red Sea, labeling them as violations of international law and apparent war crimes.
Overview of the Attacks
In early July 2025, a series of violent assaults were carried out by Yemen’s Houthi armed group on civilian cargo ships operating in the Red Sea. The attacks, spanning several days, involved a mix of explosive-laden sea drones, missiles, and small boat raids using rocket-propelled grenades. These incidents led to the sinking of two commercial vessels, further escalating tensions in one of the world’s most vital maritime corridors.
Civilian Casualties and Captivity
The coordinated assaults resulted in multiple casualties among international crew members. At least four seafarers were confirmed dead, while several others were injured or went missing. Survivors from one of the attacks were rescued, but six crew members remain in Houthi custody. Human rights organizations have raised serious concerns over the legality and treatment of these detainees, calling for their immediate release.
Violations of International Law
Legal experts and rights monitors have condemned the Houthi actions as clear violations of international humanitarian law. Civilian vessels, especially those engaged in commercial and humanitarian operations, are protected under the law of naval warfare. These ships were not participating in any military activity, nor were they transporting arms or military supplies. By targeting non-military maritime traffic and detaining survivors, the Houthis have likely committed acts that qualify as war crimes.
Environmental and Regional Impact
Beyond the tragic human toll, the attacks have also triggered environmental concerns. The sinking of the vessels released fuel and other pollutants into the Red Sea, creating visible oil slicks and posing a threat to marine ecosystems. The spill risks damaging fragile habitats and impacting local communities that depend on fishing and coastal resources.
Calls for Accountability
Human rights advocates have urged the international community to take urgent action. Their demands include the cessation of unlawful maritime attacks, the unconditional release of detained crew members, and cooperative efforts to mitigate the environmental damage. Governments are also being pressed to hold perpetrators accountable through international legal channels.
Security Measures in Response
In response to the escalating threat, regional actors have begun stepping up maritime security operations. Some governments have announced the deployment of salvage and patrol vessels to the Red Sea to safeguard commercial routes and assist in search and recovery efforts.
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Source: Human Rights Watch
