- MEPC has put forth a number of measures to achieve the objectives set out in the initial IMO strategy on reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from ships.
- The committee has strengthened existing mandatory requirements for new ships to be more energy efficient.
- It also initiated a fourth IMO GHG Study to adopt a resolution encouraging cooperation with ports to reduce emission from shipping.
- Finally, it has agreed to establish a multi-donor trust fund for GHG; and agreed on terms of reference for the sixth and seventh inter-sessional working groups.
According to a UNFCCC press release published on their website, the Marine Environment Protection Committee (MEPC) of the International Maritime Organization has pushed forward with a number of measures aimed at supporting the achievement of the objectives set out in the initial IMO strategy on reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from ships.
MEPC 74 session
This is in line with the Paris Climate Change Agreement under UNFCCC and the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.
The MEPC 74 session (13-17 May) approved amendments to strengthen existing mandatory requirements for new ships to be more energy efficient; initiated the Fourth IMO GHG Study; adopted a resolution encouraging cooperation with ports to reduce emission from shipping; approved a procedure for the impact assessment of new measures proposed; agreed to establish a multi-donor trust fund for GHG; and agreed terms of reference for the sixth and seventh inter-sessional working groups to be held in November 2019 and in March 2020 respectively in order to expedite the work.
Also discussed were possible candidate short-term, mid- and long-term measures aiming at reducing GHG emissions from ships, to be further considered at next sessions.
Strengthening energy efficiency rules – draft amendments approved
The MEPC approved, for adoption at the next session in April 2020, amendments to MARPOL Annex VI to significantly strengthen the Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI) “phase 3“ requirements.
The draft amendments bring forward the entry into effect date of phase 3 to 2022, from 2025, for several ship types, including gas carriers, general cargo ships, and LNG carriers. This means that new ships built from that date must be significantly more energy efficient than the baseline.
EEDI reduction rate
For container ships, the EEDI reduction rate is enhanced, significantly for larger ship sizes, as follows:
- For a containership of 200,000 DWT and above, the EEDI reduction rate is set at 50% from 2022
- For a containership of 120,000 DWT and above but less than 200,000 DWT, 45% from 2022
- For a containership of 80,000 DWT and above but less than 120,000 DWT, 40% from 2022
- For a containership of 40,000 DWT and above but less than 80,000 DWT, 35% from 2022
- For a containership of 15,000 DWT and above but less than 40,000 DWT, 30% from 2022
The MEPC also agreed on terms of reference for a correspondence group to look into the introduction of a possible “phase 4“ of EEDI requirements.
Fourth IMO GHG Study
The terms of reference for the Fourth IMO GHG Study were agreed and the tendering process will begin with an invitation to tender issued shortly. The IMO Secretariat will issue a circular letter for procuring the services of the contractor.
The study will include:
- Inventory of current global emissions of GHGs and relevant substances emitted from ships of 100 GT and above engaged in international voyages. The inventory should include total annual GHG emission series from 2012 to 2018, or as far as statistical data are available.
- GHGs are defined as the six gases initially considered under the UNFCCC process: carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs) and sulphur hexafluoride (SF6).
- The inventory should also include other relevant substances that may contribute to climate change, including Black Carbon (BC).
- Estimates of carbon intensity (estimates of world fleet’s CO2 emissions per transport work, from 2012 to 2018, or as far as statistical data are available).
- Possible estimates of the carbon intensity of international shipping for the year 2008 (the baseline year for the levels of ambition identified in the Initial Strategy).
Scenarios for future international shipping emissions 2018-2050
A Steering Committee will be established to act as a focal point for MEPC, to review and monitor progress and confirm that the Study meets the terms of reference. It is intended that the work could begin in Autumn 2019, with a view to the final report of the Study being submitted to MEPC 76, to be held in Autumn 2020. (The previous, Third IMO GHG Study, was published in 2014).
Cooperation with ports to reduce emissions from shipping
MEPC adopted resolution MEPC.323 on Invitation to the Member States to encourage voluntary cooperation between the port and shipping sectors to contribute to reducing GHG emissions from ships.
This could include regulatory, technical, operational and economic actions, such as the provision of: Onshore Power Supply (preferably from renewable sources); safe and efficient bunkering of alternative low-carbon and zero-carbon fuels; incentives promoting sustainable low-carbon and zero-carbon shipping; and support for the optimization of port calls including facilitation of just-in-time arrival of ships.
Procedure for assessing impacts on the States of candidate measures
The MEPC approved the Procedure for assessing impacts on the States of candidate measures for the reduction of GHG emissions from ships. The procedure identifies four steps:
- Step 1: initial impact assessment, to be submitted as part of the initial proposal to the Committee for candidate measures;
- Step 2: submission of commenting document(s), if any;
- Step 3: comprehensive response, if requested by commenting document(s); and
- Step 4: comprehensive impact assessment, if required by the MEPC.
Impact assessments should be evidence-based and should take into account, as appropriate, analysis tools and models, such as, cost-effectiveness analysis tools, e.g. maritime transport cost models, trade flows models, impact on Gross Domestic Product (GDP); updated Marginal Abatement Cost Curves (MACCs); and economic trade models, transport models and combined trade-transport models.
A multi-donor trust fund for GHG
The MEPC agreed to establish a voluntary multi-donor trust fund (“GHG TC-Trust Fund“), to provide a dedicated source of financial support for technical cooperation and capacity-building activities to support the implementation of the Initial IMO Strategy on reduction of GHG emissions from ships.
Discussion of short-term candidate measures
The MEPC discussed various candidate short-term measures, including strengthening the energy efficiency requirements for existing ships, speed, and other technical and operational measures. In view of the vast number of proposals, the working group focused on how to consider, organize and streamline proposals on candidate short-term measures.
The inter-sessional working group session will further consider candidate short-term measure, including concrete proposals to improve the operational energy efficiency of existing ships.
The MEPC also considered concrete proposals on candidate mid-/long-term measures, in particular, measures aimed at encouraging the uptake of alternative low-carbon and zero-carbon fuels.
Did you subscribe to our daily newsletter?
It’s Free! Click here to Subscribe!
Source: UNFCCC
