This incident was reported by the Swedish Club and concerns cargo damage involving bulk soya beans carried on a vessel sailing from Brazil to China.
What Happened
A vessel loaded bulk soya beans in Brazil for delivery to China. Fumigation prevented cargo hold ventilation during the first 15 days of the voyage. After bunkering in Singapore, the vessel proceeded to China, arriving at Qingdao anchorage in March. The vessel was delayed at anchorage for more than one month. During this time, natural ventilation was attempted in accordance with the Three Degree Rule, but its effectiveness was limited while stationary. Over the course of the 105-day voyage and anchorage delay, mould growth appeared on the cargo surface in all five holds. When discharge began in late April, the surface layers of mould-damaged cargo were segregated and stored separately.
Why It Happened
The cargo already had compromised condition at the time of loading. The extended delay at anchorage contributed to further cargo deterioration. Limited ventilation options, combined with natural ventilation being ineffective while stationary, exacerbated the issue. Self-heating of the cargo led to condensation and mould development in the hold headspaces. Despite the crew applying ventilation when possible, damage extended throughout the stow.
Actions Taken
During discharge, damaged cargo from the surface layers was separated and stored in a different warehouse facility. Sampling and analysis of remaining cargo confirmed widespread heat damage.
Lessons Learned
- Cargo inspections at loading are critical to detect pre-existing quality issues before shipment.
- Extended anchorage delays can significantly increase cargo risk, particularly with agricultural products prone to self-heating.
- Natural ventilation alone may be insufficient for bulk cargoes during long stationary periods.
- Even when crews apply correct ventilation rules, external conditions and cargo properties may limit effectiveness.
- Early detection and segregation of damaged cargo helps manage claims and maintain overall cargo quality.
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Source: Swedish Club
