- Rescuer Deaths Dominate Enclosed Space Fatalities.
- Case Study Shows Danger of Impulsive Rescue Attempts.
- Safe Rescue Demands Discipline and Proper Procedure.
It’s alarming to note that a large number of deaths in confined spaces happen to would-be rescuers who jump in without taking the necessary precautions. According to NIOSH data, over 60% of fatalities in these situations involve rescuers themselves. From 2000 to 2024, there were 67 recorded deaths on ships, 48 of them were crew members, and 19 were shore workers. Senior officers are particularly affected; nearly half of the 23 deceased captains lost their lives while trying to rescue others, reports gard.
Case Study Highlights the Risk of Impulsive Rescue
In one incident, a vessel that was finishing up tank cleaning and cargo operations faced a serious double collapse when someone entered the slop tank. The Bosun went in without testing the atmosphere or securing a permit and ended up collapsing. The Chief Officer rushed in to save him and also collapsed. Thankfully, the Third Officer quickly put on a self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA), managed to pull both men out within minutes, and the crew was ready to provide immediate medical assistance.
After the incident, atmospheric readings indicated normal conditions, but low oxygen levels or toxic vapours were likely present when the tank was first accessed. There was no permit, gas check, or rescue gear prepared beforehand. The rescue was successful due to the team’s swift coordination, the SCBA being close at hand, and the prompt medical response.
Why Would-Be Rescuers Become Casualties
Several psychological and procedural issues contribute to the deaths of rescuers:
- Rescuer syndrome: the instinctive urge to act without properly assessing the risks involved.
- Rescue altruism: a sense of identity, duty, and bravery that can cloud rational judgment.
- Holding breath: the mistaken belief that a “quick entry” is safe.
- Misuse of equipment: using emergency escape breathing devices (EEBDs) or air hoses incorrectly during a rescue.
- Unrealistic drills: training that takes place in safe conditions, which doesn’t prepare individuals for real emergencies.
- Misreading the situation: assuming someone has fallen rather than suffocated.
- Delayed or disorganised response: a lack of preparation or coordination can lead to chaos.
These factors can create a deadly cycle where multiple rescuers fall victim to the same dangers.
What It Takes for a Safe and Successful Rescue
Swapping instinct for procedure is crucial in rescue operations. Here are the key components to keep in mind:
- Rescuers trained to use SCBA only
- Rescue gear ready at the entry point
- A designated attendant is stationed outside the space
- A clear, pre-defined rescue plan with specific roles assigned
- Ongoing communication throughout the operation
- Realistic, scenario-based drills
- No hasty entries under any circumstances
Time is of the essence: when oxygen levels drop to 6–8%, death can occur within eight minutes; below 6%, collapse can happen in mere seconds. Drills should include time-sensitive objectives to emphasise this urgency.
Factors Contributing to a Successful Outcome in This Case
The vessel’s managers pointed out several conditions that led to a favourable outcome:
- Casualties collapsed on the top platform, making retrieval easier.
- SCBA storage was conveniently located near the entry point.
- The Third Officer’s swift SCBA donning demonstrated excellent training.
- Immediate medical attention, aided by remote consultation, ensured full recovery.
Key Takeaways for Preventing Enclosed Space Tragedies
Enclosed space fatalities are preventable, yet they persist due to instinctive rescue attempts and procedural oversights. To break this cycle, we need:
- A strong safety culture
- Realistic drills that emphasise the importance of pausing and assessing the situation
- Empowering crews to voice concerns and adhere to protocols
- Acknowledging the instinct to rescue and training to manage it
In a real emergency, the first step must be to follow the plan rather than rush in. Only through disciplined, well-prepared responses can we ensure that everyone returns home safely.
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Source: gard
