Safe Transport And Inspection Guidelines For Lithium-ion Cells

Key Hazards of Lithium-Ion Cells

1. Fire Hazard:
   Flammable electrolytes may ignite when overheated or damaged, causing thermal runaway and potentially leading to fire or explosion.

2. Chemical Reactivity:
   Cells may react violently if punctured or short-circuited, posing fire and explosion risks.

3. Toxic Emissions:
   Fires involving these cells can release hydrogen fluoride (HF) and other corrosive gases.

4. Explosion Risk:
   Internal pressure buildup can result in rupture or vapor cloud explosions.

5. Electrical Hazard:
   Mishandling can cause sparks, short circuits, and electric burns.

6. Environmental Risk:
   Improper disposal may lead to soil and water contamination.

Transport-Related Risks

• Non-compliant Packing: Not following the IMDG Code can lead to serious safety violations.

• Incorrect Container Use: Containers not packed per CTU Code may compromise stability and safety.

• High In-Transit Temperatures: Heat buildup within containers increases fire and explosion risks.

Recommended Inspection Protocols

General Vanning Inspection Checklist

1. Documentation and Structural Review

   • Verify Dangerous Goods Declaration (DGD) for IMDG compliance.

   • Inspect container (CTU) for structural integrity.

   • Confirm CSC plate validity.

2. Cargo Inspection

   • Use thermal imaging (where available) to detect hot spots.

   • Cross-check cargo with the DGD. For shipments under SP188, verify lithium battery mark (no DGD required).

   • Request UN38.3 Test Summary for SP188 shipments.

   • Open sample package if needed to confirm SP188 compliance (.4, .5, and .7.7).

   • Check for leaks, damage, and correct UN Packing Code usage.

3. Labelling and Stowage

   • Confirm correct markings and labels.

   • Review segregation of different cargo types.

   • Ensure cargo is secured, blocked, and braced per IMDG & CTU Code.

   • Confirm exterior placards are present and compliant.

   • Record door seal number after closing.

Packing Instruction Emphasis

• Vanning must comply with Packing Instruction P909.

• Emphasize short circuit prevention, thermal protection, and proper insulation.

• Ensure training certifications and verify ISO 9001 compliance for shippers.

• Conduct brief training sessions at warehouses to enhance compliance.

Transport of Damaged, Defective, or Used Lithium-Ion Cells

Applicable Regulations

• SP376 for damaged/defective cells not conforming to tested type.

• SP377 for cells/equipment shipped for recycling or disposal.

Survey & Packing Requirements

• All cells must be individually sealed in plastic.

• Combination packaging is mandatory regardless of cell condition.

• Cells must be secured to prevent movement.

• Ensure SP376/SP377 documentation and markings are included.

• Comply with appropriate Packing Instructions.

Container Stowage Guidelines

• Maintain at least 30 cm clearance from the container roof.

• No packaging within 50 cm of doors or in contact with container walls.

• Ensure even distribution of packages.

Independent Survey Requirements

• A certified independent survey company must perform inspections during stuffing.

• Survey report should include:

  • Photographic evidence of packing/stowage.

  • Sample contents of packages.

  • Container identification number.

Strict adherence to packing, labeling, inspection, and documentation protocols is vital for the safe transport of lithium-ion batteries. Coordinated inspections and educational outreach further reduce risks and ensure global compliance with evolving maritime safety standards.