- The global scrap steel market is expected to surpass one billion metric tons by 2033 due to increased recycling efforts.
- Fires linked to scrap metal cargoes, even those declared non-hazardous, have raised safety concerns.
- A review of the IMSBC Code may be necessary to better address fire hazards in scrap shipments.
With the global scrap steel market booming, larger vessels are now handling bulk shipments. However, increasing fire incidents linked to scrap metal cargoes, even those classified as non-hazardous, highlight the need for stricter screening and potential revisions to the IMSBC Code, reports Gard.
Expanding Scrap Steel Trade
The global scrap steel market is projected to exceed one billion metric tons by 2033, driven by the green transition and increased recycling.
Larger scrap facilities have led to bigger cargo sizes, with some shipments exceeding 40,000 metric tons.
However, not all scrap facilities have deep-water access, meaning smaller vessels continue to operate near populated areas.
Scrap Metal Fires on the Rise
Despite many scrap metal shipments being declared as Group C (non-hazardous) under the IMSBC Code, multiple fires have occurred.
Investigation reports describe rapidly spreading fires with extreme heat, heavy smoke, and serious risks to crews, firefighters, and nearby residents.
Some fires have even caused vessels to sink, leading to environmental hazards.
Scrap Classification and Fire Risks
The IMSBC Code classifies scrap metal into two main groups: Scrap Metal (Group C) and Ferrous Metal Turnings (Group A). Only the latter is recognized as a fire hazard due to fine metal particles that can self-ignite.
However, reports indicate that many declared Group C shipments contain hazardous contaminants like batteries, oils, and combustible materials, making them prone to fires.
Lack of Cargo Screening
Many serious fires have been traced back to poor screening of scrap shipments. Lithium-ion batteries, in particular, have become a major concern.
As one industry expert stated, “It’s becoming more of a problem every month, every year in our industry.”
While industry guidelines recommend that foreign materials be kept to a minimum, reports suggest that some shipments contain dangerous levels of hazardous waste.
Should the IMSBC Code Be Revised?
The growing fire risks raise questions about whether the IMSBC Code needs an update. Expanding the Group B classification to include more hazardous scrap cargoes may be necessary.
Additionally, the current guidelines recommend compacting scrap to reduce air pockets, but this process has been linked to fire ignition, especially with lithium-ion batteries.
Another concern is the recommendation to keep scrap dry—an impractical rule since most scrap is stored outdoors and sometimes sprayed with water for dust suppression.
Emergency Response Challenges
The IMSBC Code advises against using water for firefighting at sea but allows for copious amounts in port.
However, since many fires start during loading, response efforts often depend on shore-based firefighters who may lack ship-specific knowledge, sometimes worsening the situation.
Early application of inert gas has been suggested as a more effective preventive measure for scrap cargo fires.
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Source: Gard
