WEF: Strategies & Challenges In Maritime Decarbonization

• Shipping industry is a major contributor to the world’s carbon footprint.
• Shipping accounts for 3% of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. This is due to the sheer volume of movement and the industry’s heavy dependence on fossil fuels.
• An increasing number of large companies have been placing alternative-fuel ship orders.
• EU Emissions Trading System (ETS) and FuelEU Maritime initiative are expected to lead to growing costs for heavy emitters.

With 90% of traded goods being transported across the ocean, the shipping industry stands at the heart of the global economy, reports Safety4sea, quoting the World Economic Forum (WEF).

Although shipping is highly efficient in terms of CO₂ emissions per cargo weight, the industry as a whole is a major contributor to the world’s carbon footprint, accounting for 3% of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. This is due to the sheer volume of movement and the industry’s heavy dependence on fossil fuels.

As pressure mounts to deliver measurable progress toward carbon neutrality, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) has revised its GHG emissions reduction strategy, pledging to reach net zero by or around 2050.

In line with this progression, an increasing number of large companies have been placing alternative-fuel ship orders. Additionally, more stringent measures such as the EU Emissions Trading System (ETS) and FuelEU Maritime initiative are expected to lead to growing costs for heavy emitters.

At the same time, incentives like the US Inflation Reduction Act are generating opportunities to build and strengthen the value chain of clean energy sources, such as hydrogen, which will be crucial to powering carbon-free future vessels.

Why shipping is a hard-to-abate sector

Change is evidently under way, but it is not yet swift enough to meet net zero targets. A web of complexities including technical difficulties and costs associated with decarbonization mean the shipping industry remains a hard-to-abate sector.

Here are some of the main obstacles.

1. A lack of viable alternative fuels

Although many types of alternative fuels and powering mechanisms are being explored such as hydrogen, ammonia, methanol, biofuels, fuel cells and more, there is no one clear frontrunner in the race.

2. Demand for green ships is lacklustre

Building a new ship is a massive endeavour, requiring immense capital investment. Yet, these assets take roughly two to three years to build and last for two to three decades. Without clarity on how new ships will be fuelled, shipowners are hesitant to place orders for new advanced vessels.

3. Asset and infrastructure development is slow

With inadequate demand, shipbuilders and infrastructure developers are unable to advance new technologies and build infrastructure that can accommodate future-ready vessels.

4. Uncertainties in regulations

Although carbon emission regulations are advancing in regions such as the European Union (EU), they are loosely defined with many uncertainties around accountability.

The global nature of shipping necessitates a currently lacking unified industry effort to prevent emissions from merely shifting from regions with tight regulations to those with less stringent measures.

5. Too many stakeholders

For any given shipment, the parties involved easily span from the owner of goods (shipper) to the shipowner, ship operator, freight forwarder and, ultimately, the customer. Who should be accountable for the carbon emitted?

As explained, questions like these have led to disputes between shipowners and traders, signalling the growing complexity behind regulatory enforcement and lack of clarity around roles and responsibilities.

How to bring about change in shipping

How can they bring about change in the face of such complexities? Breaking a gridlock of this nature requires a fundamentally different strategy – one that can create real change in one field and spark progress in others.

In the shipping industry, they can achieve a breakthrough by adopting a three-step approach:

1. Identify the catalyst for change

At Hanwha, they believe green ship technology is a central piece of the puzzle. Without it, decarbonization cannot take place at the requisite speed and scale. The fact that 85% of emissions come from a specific category of vessels – deep sea ships – gives the problem of decarbonization greater focus, making innovation in this area promising.

With a world-class shipbuilder, Hanwha Ocean, among their subsidiaries, they are dedicated to delivering disruptive, yet economically feasible, technical solutions in this field.

2. Innovate, test and repeat

With entirely new assets, the fleet will serve as a strong test bed for carbon-neutral and carbon-free vessels, lowering the emissions burden for traders and providing shipowners with increased flexibility to meet the diverse fuel requirements of their customers.

The advanced vessels will initially include ships that run on liquefied natural gas (LNG) and methanol and advance over time to those that run on ammonia, and hydrogen, which do not emit carbon when burnt as a fuel source.

3. Collaborate and build scale

As explained, their membership with the FMC will pave the way for new partnerships and pilot programmes that enable collaboration with multiple stakeholders, including policy-makers, customers, research institutes and port authorities.

“However, we can only build sustained momentum through mass adoption and commercialization of newly-developed technology, requiring a concerted effort between the public and private sectors as well as parties across the entire energy value chain,” WEF stated.

This, coupled with clearly defined strong global regulations, will build an ecosystem for change, leading to the rapid scaling of green vessels to usher in a new era of global shipping.

Big problems require bold solutions. The barriers to decarbonizing shipping are manifold, but a singular driving force can have a ripple effect, opening up new opportunities for many different parties.

Working together to uncover these novel growth drivers is what ultimately will help us turn the tide on emissions in the shipping industry.

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Source: Safety4sea

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