A ship-to-ship (STS) transfer operation involves the transfer of cargo between two ships while they are either stationary or underway. Due to the heightened risks involved, this complex manoeuvre requires significant skill and experience. This guide outlines the essential steps and safety protocols for STS operations, emphasizing the importance of preparation and readiness to abort if necessary.
Preparation and Planning
Before engaging in an STS operation, both ships must follow detailed protocols integrated into their Safety Management System (SMS) and conduct thorough risk assessments. Key preparation steps include:
- Reviewing and adhering to the Ship to Ship Transfer Operation Plan (STS plan) approved by the flag state.
- Consulting the latest ‘Ship to Ship Transfer Guide.’
- Considering ship dimensions, interaction effects, mooring supervision, and communication methods.
- Clarifying roles, such as which ship will maintain course (Constant heading ship) and which will manoeuvre (Manoeuvring ship).
Monitoring and Execution
During the operation, continuous monitoring and precise execution are crucial. Factors to consider include:
- Wind velocity and direction, ensuring it does not exceed 30 knots.
- Swell conditions, ideally below 3 meters.
- Meteorological predictions, ensuring favourable weather conditions.
- Maintaining approach velocity at 5-6 knots for controlled mooring.
- Rigging fenders and arranging moorings for rapid deployment.
Abort Criteria and Emergency Readiness
Abort criteria must be clearly defined in contingency plans to enable swift decision-making if the operation encounters issues. The bridge team should conduct a joint briefing to ensure everyone is aware of the connection and disconnection procedures, and the criteria that would necessitate aborting the operation. Effective communication and coordination are critical to ensure safety and prevent incidents.
By adhering to these guidelines and maintaining rigorous training and preparedness, shipping companies can effectively manage the risks associated with STS operations and ensure safe and successful transfers.
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Source: BRITANNIA
